Patterns and bifurcations in low-Prandtl number Rayleigh-Benard convection

We present a detailed bifurcation structure and associated flow patterns for low-Prandtl number ($P=0.0002, 0.002, 0.005, 0.02$) Rayleigh-B\'{e}nard convection near its onset. We use both direct numerical simulations and a 30-mode low-dimensional model for this study. We observe that low-Prandtl number (low-P) convection exhibits similar patterns and chaos as zero-P convection \cite{pal:2009}, namely squares, asymmetric squares, oscillating asymmetric squares, relaxation oscillations, and chaos. At the onset of convection, low-P convective flows have stationary 2D rolls and associated stationary and oscillatory asymmetric squares in contrast to zero-P convection where chaos appears at the onset itself. The range of Rayleigh number for which stationary 2D rolls exist decreases rapidly with decreasing Prandtl number. Our results are in qualitative agreement with results reported earlier

A Novel Approach for Multilingual Speech Recognition with Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network

“Speech Recognition” of audio signal is important for telecommunication, language identification and speaker verification. Robust Speech Recognition can be applied to automation of houses, offices and telecommunication services. In this paper Speech Recognition & Language Identification have done for Bengali, Chhattisgarhi, English and Hindi speech signals. The Bengali, Chhattisgarhi, English, Hindi speech signals are “Ekhone Tumi Jao”, “Ae Bar Teha Ja”, “Now This Time You Go” and “Ab Is Bar tum Jao” respectively. This method is mainly applied in two phases, in the first phase Speech Recognition and Language identification have done with Back Propagation Artificial neural Network (BPANN) and in the second phase Speech Recognition and Language Identification have done with the combination of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) feature selection technique and BPANN. For the feature extraction Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) & Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) is used. MFCC and LPC are the most widely used feature extraction method. BPANN is a feed forward type neural network, it can trace back the error signal for weight modification, error signal generates when the actual output value differs from the target output value. The system accuracy and performance is measured on the basis of “Recognition Rate” and amount of error. Multilingual Speech Recognition and Language Identification with PSO feature selection technique gives the better Recognition Rate as compare to the without PSO feature selection technique

Adaptive Control of Unknown Pure Feedback Systems with Pure State Constraints

This paper deals with the tracking control problem for a class of unknown pure feedback system with pure state constraints on the state variables and unknown time-varying bounded disturbances. An adaptive controller is presented for such systems for the very first time. The controller is designed using the backstepping method. While designing it, Barrier Lyapunov Functions is used so that the state variables do not contravene its constraints. In order to cope with the unknown dynamics of the system, an online approximator is designed using a neural network with a novel adaptive law for its weight update. In the stability analysis of the system, the time derivative of Lyapunov function involves known virtual control coefficient with unknown direction and to deal with such problem Nussbaum gain is used to design the control law. Furthermore, to make the controller robust and computationally inexpensive, a novel disturbance observer is designed to estimate the disturbance along with neural network approximation error and the time derivative of virtual control input. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a simulation study on the third-order nonlinear system

Antioxidative Defense Responses to lead-induced Oxidative Stress in Glycine max L. CV. Merrill grown in Different pH Gradient

Physiological and biochemical changes as well as the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes under lead (Pb2+) phytotoxicity were investigated in 20 days old soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings grown hydroponically in the laboratory under different pH conditions. The rapid uptake of Pb 2+ was observed immediately after the start of treatment. The quantity of accumulation of Pb2+ was much higher in roots than in shoots, its level rising with increasing pH from 3.0 to 8.0 . Not only that, an oxidative stress conditions were observed due to increased level of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide in shoots and root cells of 20 days old seedlings when treated with Pb(NO3)2 at a concentration of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 μM. Spectrometric assays of seedlings showed increased level of activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The presence of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) indicates the enhanced lipid peroxidation compared to controls. The alteration in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the presence of Pb2+, which may cause oxidative stress

A Clinical Study of Gud-Amalaka Yoga in Garbhini Mutrakrichra w.s.r to Urinary Tract Infections during Pregnancy

Healthy mother and healthy baby are foremost aim of antenatal care. Progressive anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy are not only confined to the genital organs however within other systems of the body too, some may be felt as discomfort by a pregnant woman. A pregnant woman having pain or burning micturition, fever with chills, nausea, vomiting and cloudy urine having bad smell can be diagnosed as having Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). UTI is most common bacterial infection encountered during Pregnancy and troublesome to the woman suffering from it. Pyelonephritis, premature delivery and other risk such as PROM, IUGR etc. can be the long term result of UTI hence prompt attention is requisite. In the present study Gud-Amalaka Yoga has been tried in 15 patients for evaluation of its clinical efficacy and adverse / side effects if any. It was observed that Gud-Amalaka Yoga showed better results (25% patients were moderately improved, 75% patients were mildly improved). None of the patient reported any adverse effect during or after the treatment

Breech presentation and neonatal fracture shaft femur – A rare case presentation

The breech extraction of the fetus through the vagina has a greater risk of hip fracture compared with the extraction by abdominalroute. A 2980 g male infant was delivered at 39 weeks by elective cesarean section for breech presentation. The newborn sustaineda fracture of the right femur. A simple immobilization of the limb in extension led to a complete healing of the fracture withoutsequelae. This case highlights that fact that cesarean delivery reduces the risk of causing a traumatic injury of the newborn comparedto vaginal delivery; especially, with breech presentation but does not eliminate this possible accidental complication

Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Quercetin like Structure from Dalbergia sissoo (Fabaceae)

The present study was conducted to isolate and classify Dalbergia sissoo (L.) bioactive compounds. The genus consists of 300 species in India, including 25 species. The generic name Dalbergia honors the 18th century Swedish brothers Nils and Carl Dalberg. Various phytoconstituents of alkaloids, glycosides, flavanoids, tannins, saponins, sterols and terpenoids were isolated and classified from different parts of the plant. Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, and Column Chromatography were used to isolate spots from the fraction of the crude extract to elucidate the chemical structure of Dalbergia sissoo (L.) leaf extract. Potential spots have been exposed to techniques of FTIR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. Column chromatography was exposed to the raw extract, obtaining 125 fractions, conducting TLC. Among them was a single band in TLC, characterized by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, and the structure was known as Quercetin. The results of this study indicate the effective potential compound of the ethanolic fraction of Dalbergia sissoo (L.). Keywords: Dalbergia sissoo; Isolation & Structure Elucidation; FTIR; NMR spectroscopy; Mass spectroscopy

Heat and mass transport analysis of chemically reacting cross diffusion convection in a couple stress fluid-saturated rotating porous medium with internal heat generation

In the present study, non-linear stability analysis with chemical reaction is performed in pair stress fluid saturated with anisotropic porous medium with the consideration of an internal heat source. In the governing equation, the extended Darcy model has been employed in the momentum equation. The normal mode approach and truncated Fourier series methodology were adopted for linear, and non-linear stability investigations. The impact of numerous characteristics, such as the DuFour and Soret parameters, has been addressed and visually depicted